Law of the People's Republic of China on Scientific and Technological Progress (2021 Revision)
Document Number：Order No. 103 of the President of the People's Republic of China
Area of Law： Scientific and Technological Progress and Funding
Level of Authority： Laws
Issuing Authority： Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
Date Issued：12-24-2021
Effective Date：01-01-2022
Status： Effective
Topic： Artificial Intelligence
2007-2021 Comparison Version 1993-2007 Comparison Version
Order of the President of the People's Republic of China
《中华人民共和国科学技术进步法》已由中华人民共和国第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第三十二次会议于2021年12月24日修订通过，现予公布，自2022年1月1日起施行。
The Law of the People's Republic of China on Scientific and Technological Progress, as revised and adopted at the 32nd Session of the Standing Committee of the Thirteenth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on December 24, 2021, is hereby issued, and shall come into force on January 1, 2022.
中华人民共和国主席 习近平
Xi Jinping, President of the People's Republic of China
2021年12月24日
December 24, 2021
Law of the People's Republic of China on Scientific and Technological Progress
（1993年7月2日第八届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二次会议通过 2007年12月29日第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第三十一次会议第一次修订 2021年12月24日第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第三十二次会议第二次修订）
(Adopted at the 2nd Session of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress on July 2, 1993; revised for the first time at the 31st Session of the Standing Committee of the Tenth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on December 29, 2007; revised for the second time at the 32nd Session of the Standing Committee of the Thirteenth National People's Congress on December 24, 2021)
目 录
Contents
第一章 总 则
Chapter I General Provisions
第二章 基础研究
Chapter II Basic Research
第三章 应用研究与成果转化
Chapter III Applied Research and Commercialization of Achievements
第四章 企业科技创新
Chapter IV Scientific and Technological Innovation by Enterprises
第五章 科学技术研究开发机构
Chapter V Scientific and Technological Research and Development Institutions
第六章 科学技术人员
Chapter VI Science and Technology Personnel
第七章 区域科技创新
Chapter VII Regional Scientific and Technological Innovation
第八章 国际科学技术合作
Chapter VIII International Scientific and Technological Cooperation
第九章 保障措施
Chapter IX Safeguard Measures
第十章 监督管理
Chapter X Supervision and Administration
第十一章 法律责任
Chapter XI Legal Liability
第十二章 附 则
Chapter XII Supplementary Provisions
第一条 为了全面促进科学技术进步，发挥科学技术第一生产力、创新第一动力、人才第一资源的作用，促进科技成果向现实生产力转化，推动科技创新支撑和引领经济社会发展，全面建设社会主义现代化国家，根据宪法，制定本法。
Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution for the purposes of comprehensively promoting scientific and technological progress, maximizing the role of science and technology as the primary productive force, of innovation as the primary driving force, and of talents as primary resources, promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into practical productive forces, prompting scientific and technological innovation to support and lead economic and social development, and building a modern socialist country in an all-round manner.
Article 2 The overall leadership of the Communist Party of China over the cause of science and technology shall be adhered to.
国家坚持新发展理念，坚持科技创新在国家现代化建设全局中的核心地位，把科技自立自强作为国家发展的战略支撑，实施科教兴国战略、人才强国战略和创新驱动发展战略，走中国特色自主创新道路，建设科技强国。
第三条 科学技术进步工作应当面向世界科技前沿、面向经济主战场、面向国家重大需求、面向人民生命健康，为促进经济社会发展、维护国家安全和推动人类可持续发展服务。
Article 3 The work on scientific and technological progress shall be oriented to the frontiers of world science and technology, the main economic battlefield, the major needs of the state, and the life and health of the public, and serve the promotion of economic and social development, the safeguards for national security, and the promotion of sustainable human development.
国家鼓励科学技术研究开发，推动应用科学技术改造提升传统产业、发展高新技术产业和社会事业，支撑实现碳达峰碳中和目标，催生新发展动能，实现高质量发展。
第四条 国家完善高效、协同、开放的国家创新体系，统筹科技创新与制度创新，健全社会主义市场经济条件下新型举国体制，充分发挥市场配置创新资源的决定性作用，更好发挥政府作用，优化科技资源配置，提高资源利用效率，促进各类创新主体紧密合作、创新要素有序流动、创新生态持续优化，提升体系化能力和重点突破能力，增强创新体系整体效能。
Article 4 The state shall improve the efficient, coordinated, and open national innovation system, coordinate scientific and technological innovation and institutional innovation, improve the new national concentrated effort system under the conditions of a socialist market economy, maximize the decisive role of the market in allocating innovation resources, better bring the role of the government into play, optimize the allocation of scientific and technological resources, improve the efficiency of resource utilization, promote close cooperation among various innovators, orderly flow of innovation factors, and continuous optimization of the innovation ecology, heighten capabilities for systemization and for key breakthroughs, and enhance the overall effectiveness of the innovation system.
第五条 国家统筹发展和安全，提高科技安全治理能力，健全预防和化解科技安全风险的制度机制，加强科学技术研究、开发与应用活动的安全管理，支持国家安全领域科技创新，增强科技创新支撑国家安全的能力和水平。
Article 5 The state shall coordinate development and security, enhance its capability to manage scientific and technological security, improve the systems and mechanisms for preventing and dissolving scientific and technological security risks, strengthen the security management of scientific and technological research, development, and application activities, support scientific and technological innovation in the field of national security, and improve the capability and level of scientific and technological innovation to support national security.
第六条 国家鼓励科学技术研究开发与高等教育、产业发展相结合，鼓励学科交叉融合和相互促进。
Article 6 The state shall encourage the combination of scientific and technological research and development with higher education and industrial development, and encourage interdisciplinarity and mutual promotion of disciplines.
国家加强跨地区、跨行业和跨领域的科学技术合作，扶持革命老区、民族地区、边远地区、欠发达地区的科学技术进步。
国家加强军用与民用科学技术协调发展，促进军用与民用科学技术资源、技术开发需求的互通交流和技术双向转移，发展军民两用技术。
第七条 国家遵循科学技术活动服务国家目标与鼓励自由探索相结合的原则，超前部署重大基础研究、有重大产业应用前景的前沿技术研究和社会公益性技术研究，支持基础研究、前沿技术研究和社会公益性技术研究持续、稳定发展，加强原始创新和关键核心技术攻关，加快实现高水平科技自立自强。
Article 7 The state shall follow the principle of combining service rendered by scientific and technological activities to national goals with encouragement of free explorations, make far-sighted arrangements for major basic research, frontier technological research with prospects for major industrial applications and technological research for public welfare, support the sustained and stable development of basic research, frontier technological research and technological research for public welfare, strengthen original innovation and research on core technologies for key fields, and accelerate the achievement of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance.
第八条 国家保障开展科学技术研究开发的自由，鼓励科学探索和技术创新，保护科学技术人员自由探索等合法权益。
Article 8 The state shall guarantee the freedom of scientific and technological research and development, encourage scientific exploration and technological innovation, and protect the lawful rights and interests of science and technology personnel in free exploration, among others.
科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校、企业事业单位和公民有权自主选择课题，探索未知科学领域，从事基础研究、前沿技术研究和社会公益性技术研究。
第九条 学校及其他教育机构应当坚持理论联系实际，注重培养受教育者的独立思考能力、实践能力、创新能力和批判性思维，以及追求真理、崇尚创新、实事求是的科学精神。
Article 9 Schools and other educational institutions shall adhere to linking theory with practice, and pay attention to cultivating the educatees' ability to think independently, to practice and to innovate, and critical thinking, as well as the scientific spirit of pursuing truth, advocating innovation and seeking truth from facts.
国家发挥高等学校在科学技术研究中的重要作用，鼓励高等学校开展科学研究、技术开发和社会服务，培养具有社会责任感、创新精神和实践能力的高级专门人才。
第十条 科学技术人员是社会主义现代化建设事业的重要人才力量，应当受到全社会的尊重。
Article 10 Science and technology personnel are an important talent force in the socialist modernization drive and shall be respected by the whole society.
国家坚持人才引领发展的战略地位，深化人才发展体制机制改革，全方位培养、引进、用好人才，营造符合科技创新规律和人才成长规律的环境，充分发挥人才第一资源作用。
第十一条 国家营造有利于科技创新的社会环境，鼓励机关、群团组织、企业事业单位、社会组织和公民参与和支持科学技术进步活动。
Article 11 The state shall create a social environment conducive to scientific and technological innovation, and encourage government agencies, non-governmental groups and organizations, enterprises, public institutions, social organizations, and citizens to participate in and support scientific and technological progress activities.
全社会都应当尊重劳动、尊重知识、尊重人才、尊重创造，形成崇尚科学的风尚。
第十二条 国家发展科学技术普及事业，普及科学技术知识，加强科学技术普及基础设施和能力建设，提高全体公民特别是青少年的科学文化素质。
Article 12 The state shall develop undertakings for the popularization of science and technology, disseminate scientific and technological knowledge, strengthen the building of infrastructure and capacity for popularizing science and technology, and raise the scientific and cultural qualities of all citizens, especially youths.
科学技术普及是全社会的共同责任。国家建立健全科学技术普及激励机制，鼓励科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校、企业事业单位、社会组织、科学技术人员等积极参与和支持科学技术普及活动。
第十三条 国家制定和实施知识产权战略，建立和完善知识产权制度，营造尊重知识产权的社会环境，保护知识产权，激励自主创新。
Article 13 The state shall formulate and implement the intellectual property strategy, establish a sound intellectual property system, create a social environment in which intellectual property rights are respected, protect intellectual property, and encourage independent innovation.
企业事业单位、社会组织和科学技术人员应当增强知识产权意识，增强自主创新能力，提高创造、运用、保护、管理和服务知识产权的能力，提高知识产权质量。
Article 14 The state shall establish a sound science and technology evaluation system conducive to innovation.
科学技术评价应当坚持公开、公平、公正的原则，以科技创新质量、贡献、绩效为导向，根据不同科学技术活动的特点，实行分类评价。
第十五条 国务院领导全国科学技术进步工作，制定中长期科学和技术发展规划、科技创新规划，确定国家科学技术重大项目、与科学技术密切相关的重大项目。中长期科学和技术发展规划、科技创新规划应当明确指导方针，发挥战略导向作用，引导和统筹科技发展布局、资源配置和政策制定。
Article 15 The State Council shall lead the work of scientific and technological progress across the country, formulate medium and long-term scientific and technological development plans and scientific and technological innovation plans, and determine major national science and technology projects and major projects closely relating to science and technology. Medium and long-term scientific and technological development plans and scientific and technological innovation plans shall specify guidelines, play a strategic guiding role, and guide and coordinate the layout of scientific and technological development, resource allocation, and policy formulation.
县级以上人民政府应当将科学技术进步工作纳入国民经济和社会发展规划，保障科学技术进步与经济建设和社会发展相协调。
地方各级人民政府应当采取有效措施，加强对科学技术进步工作的组织和管理，优化科学技术发展环境，推进科学技术进步。
第十六条 国务院科学技术行政部门负责全国科学技术进步工作的宏观管理、统筹协调、服务保障和监督实施；国务院其他有关部门在各自的职责范围内，负责有关的科学技术进步工作。
Article 16 The administrative department of science and technology under the State Council shall be responsible for the macro management, overall coordination, service guarantee, and supervision of the implementation of the work of scientific and technological progress nationwide; and other relevant departments under the State Council shall be responsible for the work related to scientific and technological progress within the scope of their respective duties.
县级以上地方人民政府科学技术行政部门负责本行政区域的科学技术进步工作；县级以上地方人民政府其他有关部门在各自的职责范围内，负责有关的科学技术进步工作。
第十七条 国家建立科学技术进步工作协调机制，研究科学技术进步工作中的重大问题，协调国家科学技术计划项目的设立及相互衔接，协调科学技术资源配置、科学技术研究开发机构的整合以及科学技术研究开发与高等教育、产业发展相结合等重大事项。
Article 17 The state shall establish a coordination mechanism of scientific and technological progress to study major issues in the work of scientific and technological progress, coordinate the establishment of and mutual connection between projects under national science and technology programs, and coordinate such significant matters as the allocation of scientific and technological resources, the integration of scientific and technological research and development institutions, as well as the combination of scientific and technological research and development with higher education and industrial development.
Article 18 May 30 of each year shall be National Science and Technology Workers Day.
国家建立和完善科学技术奖励制度，设立国家最高科学技术奖等奖项，对在科学技术进步活动中做出重要贡献的组织和个人给予奖励。具体办法由国务院规定。
国家鼓励国内外的组织或者个人设立科学技术奖项，对科学技术进步活动中做出贡献的组织和个人给予奖励。
第十九条 国家加强基础研究能力建设，尊重科学发展规律和人才成长规律，强化项目、人才、基地系统布局，为基础研究发展提供良好的物质条件和有力的制度保障。
Article 19 The state shall strengthen the building of basic research capacity, respect the laws of scientific development and the growth of talents, improve the systematic layout of projects, talents, and bases, and provide good material conditions and powerful institutional guarantees for the development of basic research.
国家鼓励科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校、企业等发挥自身优势，加强基础研究，推动原始创新。
Article 20 The state finance authorities shall establish an investment mechanism to stably support basic research.
国家鼓励有条件的地方人民政府结合本地区经济社会发展需要，合理确定基础研究财政投入，加强对基础研究的支持。
国家引导企业加大基础研究投入，鼓励社会力量通过捐赠、设立基金等方式多渠道投入基础研究，给予财政、金融、税收等政策支持。
逐步提高基础研究经费在全社会科学技术研究开发经费总额中的比例，与创新型国家和科技强国建设要求相适应。
第二十一条 国家设立自然科学基金，资助基础研究，支持人才培养和团队建设。确定国家自然科学基金资助项目，应当坚持宏观引导、自主申请、平等竞争、同行评审、择优支持的原则。
Article 21 The state shall establish a natural science foundation to fund basic research and support talent training and team building. The determination of projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China shall adhere to the principles of macro guidance, independent application, equal competition, peer review, and merit-based support.
有条件的地方人民政府结合本地区经济社会实际情况和发展需要，可以设立自然科学基金，支持基础研究。
第二十二条 国家完善学科布局和知识体系建设，推进学科交叉融合，促进基础研究与应用研究协调发展。
Article 22 The state shall improve the layout of disciplines and the construction of knowledge systems, advance interdisciplinarity, and promote the coordinated development of basic research and applied research.
第二十三条 国家加大基础研究人才培养力度，强化对基础研究人才的稳定支持，提高基础研究人才队伍质量和水平。
Article 23 The state shall increase efforts to train basic research talents, strengthen the stable support for basic research talents, and improve the quality and level of the team of basic research talents.
国家建立满足基础研究需要的资源配置机制，建立与基础研究相适应的评价体系和激励机制，营造潜心基础研究的良好环境，鼓励和吸引优秀科学技术人员投身基础研究。
Article 24 The state shall strengthen the construction of basic research bases.
第二十五条 国家支持高等学校加强基础学科建设和基础研究人才培养，增强基础研究自主布局能力，推动高等学校基础研究高质量发展。
Article 25 The state shall support institutions of higher learning in strengthening the construction of basic disciplines and the training of basic research talents, enhance the capability to independently arrange basic research, and promote the high-quality development of basic research in institutions of higher learning.
Chapter III Applied Research and Commercialization of Achievements
第二十六条 国家鼓励以应用研究带动基础研究，促进基础研究与应用研究、成果转化融通发展。
Article 26 The state shall encourage the promotion of basic research by applied research, and further the integrated development of basic research, applied research, and commercialization of achievements.
国家完善共性基础技术供给体系，促进创新链产业链深度融合，保障产业链供应链安全。
第二十七条 国家建立和完善科研攻关协调机制，围绕经济社会发展、国家安全重大需求和人民生命健康，加强重点领域项目、人才、基地、资金一体化配置，推动产学研紧密合作，推动关键核心技术自主可控。
Article 27 The state shall establish a sound mechanism for coordination of scientific research, strengthen the integrated allocation of projects, talents, bases, and funds in key fields, with a focus on economic and social development, major needs of national security, and the life and health of the public, promote close cooperation among firms, universities, and research institutes, and boost the independence and controllability of core technologies for key fields.
第二十八条 国家完善关键核心技术攻关举国体制，组织实施体现国家战略需求的科学技术重大任务，系统布局具有前瞻性、战略性的科学技术重大项目，超前部署关键核心技术研发。
Article 28 The state shall improve the national concentrated effort system for research on core technologies for key fields, organize the implementation of major scientific and technological tasks that reflect national strategic needs, systematically lay out forward-looking and strategic major scientific and technological projects, and arrange the research and development of core technologies for key fields in advance.
第二十九条 国家加强面向产业发展需求的共性技术平台和科学技术研究开发机构建设，鼓励地方围绕发展需求建设应用研究科学技术研究开发机构。
Article 29 The state shall strengthen the construction of common technology platforms and scientific and technological research and development institutions oriented to the needs of industrial development, and encourage local governments to build applied research and scientific and technological research and development institutions which suit development needs.
国家鼓励科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校加强共性基础技术研究，鼓励以企业为主导，开展面向市场和产业化应用的研究开发活动。
第三十条 国家加强科技成果中试、工程化和产业化开发及应用，加快科技成果转化为现实生产力。
Article 30 The state shall strengthen pilot-scale experiments on and the engineering and industrialized development and application of scientific and technological achievements, and accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into practical productive forces.
利用财政性资金设立的科学技术研究开发机构和高等学校，应当积极促进科技成果转化，加强技术转移机构和人才队伍建设，建立和完善促进科技成果转化制度。
第三十一条 国家鼓励企业、科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校和其他组织建立优势互补、分工明确、成果共享、风险共担的合作机制，按照市场机制联合组建研究开发平台、技术创新联盟、创新联合体等，协同推进研究开发与科技成果转化，提高科技成果转移转化成效。
Article 31 The state shall encourage enterprises, scientific and technological research and development institutions, institutions of higher learning, and other organizations to establish a cooperation mechanism featuring complementary advantages, clear division of labor, and sharing of achievements and risks, jointly form research and development platforms, technological innovation alliances, and innovation consortia, among others, in accordance with market mechanisms, coordinate the advancement of research and development and the commercialization of scientific and technological achievements, and improve the effectiveness of transfer and commercialization of scientific and technological achievements.
第三十二条 利用财政性资金设立的科学技术计划项目所形成的科技成果，在不损害国家安全、国家利益和重大社会公共利益的前提下，授权项目承担者依法取得相关知识产权，项目承担者可以依法自行投资实施转化、向他人转让、联合他人共同实施转化、许可他人使用或者作价投资等。
Article 32 For the scientific and technological achievements of projects under science and technology programs established with government funds, persons undertaking the projects shall be authorized to acquire relevant intellectual property rights in accordance with the law without prejudice to national security, national interests, and major public interests, and may invest in the implementation of commercialization themselves, make transfers to others, jointly implement commercialization with others, authorize others to make use, or make investment at an appraised value, among others, in accordance with the law.
项目承担者应当依法实施前款规定的知识产权，同时采取保护措施，并就实施和保护情况向项目管理机构提交年度报告；在合理期限内没有实施且无正当理由的，国家可以无偿实施，也可以许可他人有偿实施或者无偿实施。
项目承担者依法取得的本条第一款规定的知识产权，为了国家安全、国家利益和重大社会公共利益的需要，国家可以无偿实施，也可以许可他人有偿实施或者无偿实施。
项目承担者因实施本条第一款规定的知识产权所产生的利益分配，依照有关法律法规规定执行；法律法规没有规定的，按照约定执行。
第三十三条 国家实行以增加知识价值为导向的分配政策，按照国家有关规定推进知识产权归属和权益分配机制改革，探索赋予科学技术人员职务科技成果所有权或者长期使用权制度。
Article 33 The state shall implement a distribution policy oriented to increasing the value of knowledge, advance the reform of mechanisms for the ownership of, and distribution of rights and interests in, intellectual property in accordance with the relevant provisions issued by the state, and explore a system for vesting ownership or rights of long-term use of job-related scientific and technological achievements in science and technology personnel.
第三十四条 国家鼓励利用财政性资金设立的科学技术计划项目所形成的知识产权首先在境内使用。
Article 34 The state shall encourage the intellectual property rights created in projects under science and technology programs established with government funds to be first used within the territory of China.
前款规定的知识产权向境外的组织或者个人转让，或者许可境外的组织或者个人独占实施的，应当经项目管理机构批准；法律、行政法规对批准机构另有规定的，依照其规定。
第三十五条 国家鼓励新技术应用，按照包容审慎原则，推动开展新技术、新产品、新服务、新模式应用试验，为新技术、新产品应用创造条件。
Article 35 The state shall encourage the application of new technology, promote trials for the application of new technology, products, services, and models on the principle of tolerance and prudence, and create conditions for the application of new technology and products.
第三十六条 国家鼓励和支持农业科学技术的应用研究，传播和普及农业科学技术知识，加快农业科技成果转化和产业化，促进农业科学技术进步，利用农业科学技术引领乡村振兴和农业农村现代化。
Article 36 The state shall encourage and support the applied research on agricultural science and technology, disseminate and popularize agricultural scientific and technological knowledge, accelerate the commercialization and industrialization of agricultural scientific and technological achievements, promote agricultural scientific and technological progress, and use agricultural science and technology to lead the revitalization of rural areas and the modernization of agriculture and rural areas.
县级以上人民政府应当采取措施，支持公益性农业科学技术研究开发机构和农业技术推广机构进行农业新品种、新技术的研究开发、应用和推广。
地方各级人民政府应当鼓励和引导农业科学技术服务机构、科技特派员和农村群众性科学技术组织为种植业、林业、畜牧业、渔业等的发展提供科学技术服务，为农民提供科学技术培训和指导。
第三十七条 国家推动科学技术研究开发与产品、服务标准制定相结合，科学技术研究开发与产品设计、制造相结合；引导科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校、企业和社会组织共同推进国家重大技术创新产品、服务标准的研究、制定和依法采用，参与国际标准制定。
Article 37 The state shall promote the combination of the scientific and technological research and development with the formulation of product and service standards as well as the combination of the scientific and technological research and development with the product design and manufacturing; and guide scientific and technological research and development institutions, institutions of higher learning, enterprises, and social organizations in jointly promoting the research, formulation and lawful adoption of standards for major national technological innovation products and services and in participating in the formulation of international standards.
第三十八条 国家培育和发展统一开放、互联互通、竞争有序的技术市场，鼓励创办从事技术评估、技术经纪和创新创业服务等活动的中介服务机构，引导建立社会化、专业化、网络化、信息化和智能化的技术交易服务体系和创新创业服务体系，推动科技成果的应用和推广。
Article 38 The state shall cultivate and develop a unified, open, and interconnected technology market with orderly competition, encourage the establishment of intermediary service institutions that engage in technology assessment, technology brokerage, innovation and entrepreneurship services, and other activities, and guide the establishment of a socialized, specialized, networked, IT-based, and intelligent technology trading service system and innovation and entrepreneurship service system, in order to promote the application and popularization of scientific and technological achievements.
Chapter IV Scientific and Technological Innovation by Enterprises
第三十九条 国家建立以企业为主体，以市场为导向，企业同科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校紧密合作的技术创新体系，引导和扶持企业技术创新活动，支持企业牵头国家科技攻关任务，发挥企业在技术创新中的主体作用，推动企业成为技术创新决策、科研投入、组织科研和成果转化的主体，促进各类创新要素向企业集聚，提高企业技术创新能力。
Article 39 The state shall establish an enterprise-led and market-oriented technological innovation system in which enterprises closely cooperate with scientific and technological research and development institutions and institutions of higher learning, guide and support the technological innovation activities of enterprises, support enterprises in taking the lead in national scientific and technological research tasks, maximize the leading role of enterprises in technological innovation, prompt enterprises to play the leading role in decision-making on technological innovation, investment in scientific research, organization of scientific research, and commercialization of achievements, promote the concentration of various innovative factors in enterprises, and improve enterprises' capabilities of technological innovation.
国家培育具有影响力和竞争力的科技领军企业，充分发挥科技领军企业的创新带动作用。
Article 40 The state shall encourage enterprises to carry out the following activities:
(1) Establishing internal scientific and technological research and development institutions.
（二）同其他企业或者科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校开展合作研究，联合建立科学技术研究开发机构和平台，设立科技企业孵化机构和创新创业平台，或者以委托等方式开展科学技术研究开发；
(3) Training, attracting, and employing science and technology personnel.
（四）同科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校、职业院校或者培训机构联合培养专业技术人才和高技能人才，吸引高等学校毕业生到企业工作；
(5) Establishing postdoctoral workstations or mobile stations.
（六）结合技术创新和职工技能培训，开展科学技术普及活动，设立向公众开放的普及科学技术的场馆或者设施。
第四十一条 国家鼓励企业加强原始创新，开展技术合作与交流，增加研究开发和技术创新的投入，自主确立研究开发课题，开展技术创新活动。
Article 41 The state shall encourage enterprises to strengthen original innovation, carry out technical cooperation and exchanges, increase investment in research, development and technological innovation, and independently determine research and development topics, and carry out technological innovation activities.
The state shall encourage enterprises to digest, absorb and re-innovate the technologies introduced.
企业开发新技术、新产品、新工艺发生的研究开发费用可以按照国家有关规定，税前列支并加计扣除，企业科学技术研究开发仪器、设备可以加速折旧。
第四十二条 国家完善多层次资本市场，建立健全促进科技创新的机制，支持符合条件的科技型企业利用资本市场推动自身发展。
Article 42 The state shall improve the multi-level capital market, establish a sound scientific and technological innovation promotion mechanism, and support eligible science and technology enterprises to promote their own development by making use of the capital market.
国家加强引导和政策扶持，多渠道拓宽创业投资资金来源，对企业的创业发展给予支持。
国家完善科技型企业上市融资制度，畅通科技型企业国内上市融资渠道，发挥资本市场服务科技创新的融资功能。
Article 43 The following enterprises may enjoy taxation preferences according to the relevant provisions issued by the state:
(1) Enterprises engaged in the research, development and production of high-tech products.
(2) Small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises.
(3) Venture capital enterprises that invest in start-up science and technology enterprises.
第四十四条 国家对公共研究开发平台和科学技术中介、创新创业服务机构的建设和运营给予支持。
Article 44 The state shall support the construction and operation of public research and development platforms, science and technology intermediaries, and innovation and entrepreneurship service institutions.
公共研究开发平台和科学技术中介、创新创业服务机构应当为中小企业的技术创新提供服务。
第四十五条 国家保护企业研究开发所取得的知识产权。企业应当不断提高知识产权质量和效益，增强自主创新能力和市场竞争能力。
Article 45 The state shall protect intellectual property rights acquired by enterprises through research and development. Enterprises shall continue to improve the quality and benefits of intellectual property rights, and reinforce their independent innovation capability and market competitiveness.
第四十六条 国有企业应当建立健全有利于技术创新的研究开发投入制度、分配制度和考核评价制度，完善激励约束机制。
Article 46 A state-owned enterprise shall establish a sound system for investment in research and development, distribution system, and assessment and evaluation system conducive to technological innovation, and improve the incentive and restraint mechanism.
国有企业负责人对企业的技术进步负责。对国有企业负责人的业绩考核，应当将企业的创新投入、创新能力建设、创新成效等情况纳入考核范围。
第四十七条 县级以上地方人民政府及其有关部门应当创造公平竞争的市场环境，推动企业技术进步。
Article 47 The local people's governments at or above the county level and the relevant departments thereof shall create a market environment for fair competition, in order to promote the technological progress of enterprises.
Chapter V Scientific and Technological Research and Development Institutions
第四十八条 国家统筹规划科学技术研究开发机构布局，建立和完善科学技术研究开发体系。
Article 48 The state shall make an overall planning for the layout of scientific and technological research and development institutions, and build and improve the scientific and technological research and development system.
国家在事关国家安全和经济社会发展全局的重大科技创新领域建设国家实验室，建立健全以国家实验室为引领、全国重点实验室为支撑的实验室体系，完善稳定支持机制。
利用财政性资金设立的科学技术研究开发机构，应当坚持以国家战略需求为导向，提供公共科技供给和应急科技支撑。
第四十九条 自然人、法人和非法人组织有权依法设立科学技术研究开发机构。境外的组织或者个人可以在中国境内依法独立设立科学技术研究开发机构，也可以与中国境内的组织或者个人联合设立科学技术研究开发机构。
Article 49 Natural persons, legal persons, or unincorporated organizations shall have the right to establish scientific and technological research and development institutions according to the law. Overseas organizations or individuals may independently establish scientific and technological research and development institutions within the territory of China, or may jointly establish scientific and technological research and development institutions with the organizations or individuals within the territory of China.
从事基础研究、前沿技术研究、社会公益性技术研究的科学技术研究开发机构，可以利用财政性资金设立。利用财政性资金设立科学技术研究开发机构，应当优化配置，防止重复设置。
科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校可以设立博士后流动站或者工作站。科学技术研究开发机构可以依法在国外设立分支机构。
Article 50 Scientific and technological research and development institutions shall have the following rights:
(1) Organizing or participating in academic activities in accordance with the law.
（二）按照国家有关规定，自主确定科学技术研究开发方向和项目，自主决定经费使用、机构设置、绩效考核及薪酬分配、职称评审、科技成果转化及收益分配、岗位设置、人员聘用及合理流动等内部管理事务；
（三）与其他科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校和企业联合开展科学技术研究开发、技术咨询、技术服务等活动；
(4) Obtaining social donations and subsidies.
(5) Other rights as provided by laws and administrative regulations.
第五十一条 科学技术研究开发机构应当依法制定章程，按照章程规定的职能定位和业务范围开展科学技术研究开发活动；加强科研作风学风建设，建立和完善科研诚信、科技伦理管理制度，遵守科学研究活动管理规范；不得组织、参加、支持迷信活动。
Article 51 Scientific and technological research and development institutions shall formulate their bylaws in accordance with the law, and conduct scientific and technological research and development activities in accordance with the functional positioning and business scope stipulated in the bylaws; shall strengthen the improvement of conduct in scientific research and studies, establish sound scientific research integrity and scientific and technological ethics management systems, and comply with good scientific research practices; and shall not organize, participate in, or support superstitious activities.
利用财政性资金设立的科学技术研究开发机构开展科学技术研究开发活动，应当为国家目标和社会公共利益服务；有条件的，应当向公众开放普及科学技术的场馆或者设施，组织开展科学技术普及活动。
第五十二条 利用财政性资金设立的科学技术研究开发机构，应当建立职责明确、评价科学、开放有序、管理规范的现代院所制度，实行院长或者所长负责制，建立科学技术委员会咨询制和职工代表大会监督制等制度，并吸收外部专家参与管理、接受社会监督；院长或者所长的聘用引入竞争机制。
Article 52 Scientific and technological research and development institutions established with government funds shall build a system for modern institutions characterized by specified duties, scientific appraisal, openness and orderliness, and standardized management, apply the system under which the presidents or heads of the institutions assume responsibility, establish a system under which science and technology committees offer advice and a system under which the workers congresses exercise supervision, invite external experts of other institutions to participate in the management and be subject to public supervision; and the competitive mechanism shall be introduced for the hiring of the presidents or heads of the institutions.
第五十三条 国家完善利用财政性资金设立的科学技术研究开发机构的评估制度，评估结果作为机构设立、支持、调整、终止的依据。
Article 53 The state shall improve the system for assessment of scientific and technological research and development institutions established with government funds, with assessment results as the basis for establishing, supporting, adjusting, and terminating the institutions.
第五十四条 利用财政性资金设立的科学技术研究开发机构，应当建立健全科学技术资源开放共享机制，促进科学技术资源的有效利用。
Article 54 Scientific and technological research and development institutions established with government funds shall establish a sound mechanism for the opening and sharing of scientific and technological resources in order to promote the effective utilization of scientific and technological resources.
国家鼓励社会力量设立的科学技术研究开发机构，在合理范围内实行科学技术资源开放共享。
第五十五条 国家鼓励企业和其他社会力量自行创办科学技术研究开发机构，保障其合法权益。
Article 55 The state shall encourage enterprises and other non-governmental entities to establish scientific and technological research and development institutions on their own, and shall protect their lawful rights and interests.
社会力量设立的科学技术研究开发机构有权按照国家有关规定，平等竞争和参与实施利用财政性资金设立的科学技术计划项目。
国家完善对社会力量设立的非营利性科学技术研究开发机构税收优惠制度。
第五十六条 国家支持发展新型研究开发机构等新型创新主体，完善投入主体多元化、管理制度现代化、运行机制市场化、用人机制灵活化的发展模式，引导新型创新主体聚焦科学研究、技术创新和研发服务。
Article 56 The state shall support the development of new innovators such as new research and development institutions, improve the development mode with diversified investors, modern management systems, market-oriented operating mechanisms, and flexible employment mechanisms, and guide new innovators in focusing on scientific research, technological innovation, and research and development services.
Chapter VI Science and Technology Personnel
第五十七条 国家营造尊重人才、爱护人才的社会环境，公正平等、竞争择优的制度环境，待遇适当、保障有力的生活环境，为科学技术人员潜心科研创造良好条件。
Article 57 The state shall create a social environment that respects and cares for talents, a fair, equal, competitive, and merit-based institutional environment, and a living environment providing proper compensation and effective safeguards, and create good conditions for science and technology personnel to concentrate on scientific research.
第五十八条 国家加快战略人才力量建设，优化科学技术人才队伍结构，完善战略科学家、科技领军人才等创新人才和团队的培养、发现、引进、使用、评价机制，实施人才梯队、科研条件、管理机制等配套政策。
Article 58 The state shall speed up the building of a strategic talents force, optimize the structure of the team of science and technology talents, improve the mechanism for training, discovery, introduction, use, and evaluation of strategic scientists, science and technology leaders, and other innovative talents and teams, and implement talent echelon, scientific research conditions, management mechanisms, and other supporting policies.
第五十九条 国家完善创新人才教育培养机制，在基础教育中加强科学兴趣培养，在职业教育中加强技术技能人才培养，强化高等教育资源配置与科学技术领域创新人才培养的结合，加强完善战略性科学技术人才储备。
Article 59 The state shall improve the mechanism for education and training of innovative talents, strengthen the development of interest in science in primary education, enhance the training of technological and skilled talents in vocational education, further the combination of the allocation of higher education resources and the training of innovative talents in the field of science and technology, and better improve the reserve of strategic science and technology talents.
第六十条 各级人民政府、企业事业单位和社会组织应当采取措施，完善体现知识、技术等创新要素价值的收益分配机制，优化收入结构，建立工资稳定增长机制，提高科学技术人员的工资水平；对有突出贡献的科学技术人员给予优厚待遇和荣誉激励。
Article 60 The people's governments at all levels, enterprises, public institutions, and social organizations shall take measures to improve the income distribution mechanism that embodies the value of innovation factors such as knowledge and technology, to optimize the income structure, to establish a mechanism for steady wage growth, and to improve the wage level of science and technology personnel; and shall give generous compensation and honorary incentives to science and technology personnel who have made outstanding contributions.
国家鼓励科学技术研究开发机构、高等学校、企业等采取股权、期权、分红等方式激励科学技术人员。
第六十一条 各级人民政府和企业事业单位应当保障科学技术人员接受继续教育的权利，并为科学技术人员的合理、畅通、有序流动创造环境和条件，发挥其专长。
Article 61 The people's governments at all levels, enterprises, and public institutions shall safeguard the right of science and technology personnel to receive continuing education, and create environments and conditions for the reasonable, unimpeded, and orderly flow of science and technology personnel to give full play to their expertise.
第六十二条 科学技术人员可以根据其学术水平和业务能力选择工作单位、竞聘相应的岗位，取得相应的职务或者职称。
Article 62 Science and technology personnel may, based on their academic ability and professional competence, select their employers, compete for appropriate jobs, and obtain appropriate positions or professional titles.
科学技术人员应当信守工作承诺，履行岗位责任，完成职务或者职称相应工作。
第六十三条 国家实行科学技术人员分类评价制度，对从事不同科学技术活动的人员实行不同的评价标准和方式，突出创新价值、能力、贡献导向，合理确定薪酬待遇、配置学术资源、设置评价周期，形成有利于科学技术人员潜心研究和创新的人才评价体系，激发科学技术人员创新活力。
Article 63 The state shall implement a system for classified evaluation of science and technology personnel, apply different evaluation standards and methods for personnel engaged in different scientific and technological activities, highlight the orientation towards the value of innovation, capability, and contribution, reasonably determine compensation and benefits, reasonably allocate academic resources, reasonably determine evaluation cycles, shape a talents evaluation system conducive to science and technology personnel's concentrating on research and innovation, and stimulate the innovation vitality of science and technology personnel.
第六十四条 科学技术行政等有关部门和企业事业单位应当完善科学技术人员管理制度，增强服务意识和保障能力，简化管理流程，避免重复性检查和评估，减轻科学技术人员项目申报、材料报送、经费报销等方面的负担，保障科学技术人员科研时间。
Article 64 The administrative departments of science and technology and other relevant departments, enterprises, and public institutions shall improve the system for management of science and technology personnel, enhance service awareness and guarantee capabilities, simplify management processes, avoid repetitive inspections and assessments, reduce the burden on science and technology personnel in application for projects, filing of materials, reimbursement of expenses, and other aspects, and guarantee that science and technology personnel have time for scientific research.
第六十五条 科学技术人员在艰苦、边远地区或者恶劣、危险环境中工作，所在单位应当按照国家有关规定给予补贴，提供其岗位或者工作场所应有的职业健康卫生保护和安全保障，为其接受继续教育、业务培训等提供便利条件。
Article 65 Where the science and technology personnel work in a harsh or remote region or in a bad or dangerous environment, their employer shall give subsidies to them according to the relevant provisions issued by the state, provide occupational health and hygiene protection and safety guarantees required for their posts or workplaces, and facilitate their receipt of continuing education and business training, among others.
第六十六条 青年科学技术人员、少数民族科学技术人员、女性科学技术人员等在竞聘专业技术职务、参与科学技术评价、承担科学技术研究开发项目、接受继续教育等方面享有平等权利。鼓励老年科学技术人员在科学技术进步中发挥积极作用。
Article 66 The young science and technology personnel, ethnic minority science and technology personnel and female science and technology personnel, among others, shall enjoy equal rights in the aspects of competing for professional and technical positions, participating in science and technology evaluation, undertaking scientific and technological research and development projects, and receiving continuing education. Elderly science and technology personnel shall be encouraged to play a positive role in scientific and technological progress.
