Global AI News letter·Issue 12

2026-02-21

Table of Contents

1.Five government departments including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology jointly issued the "Implementation Opinions on Strengthening Capacity Building in the Information and Communication Industry to Support the Development of Low-altitude Infrastructure"

2.The National Development and Reform Commission and seven other departments jointly issued the "Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Field of Bidding and Tendering"

3.National Technical Committee 260 on Cybersecurity of SAC solicits opinions on three national standards, including the draft of "Cybersecurity Technology: Visual Representation of Cyberspace Security"

4.National Technical Committee 260 on Cybersecurity of SAC Releases "Cybersecurity Standard Practice Guide: Requirements for Prevention and Disposal of New Types of Corruption on Internet Platforms"

5.SAC/TC609 issued the "Data Element Personnel Competency Requirements" Work Plan

6.Inner Mongolia Government and Digital Affairs Bureau and other six departments issued the Implementation Rules of Several Policies for Promoting High-quality Development of Data and Artificial Intelligence Industry in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

7.The People's Government of Heilongjiang Province issued the Implementation Plan for Deepening the' Artificial Intelligence+' Initiative in Heilongjiang Province

8.Chongqing Municipality publicly released the "Chongqing Municipal Action Plan for Promoting Digital Transformation of the Entire Urban Area"

9.Jiangsu Intellectual Property Office releases "Jiangsu AI and Intellectual Property Dual Empowerment Action Plan (2026-2030)"

10.The Guangzhou Development Zone Management Committee and the People's Government of Huangpu District, Guangzhou, have jointly released the "Special Action Plan for Promoting Artificial Intelligence Empowerment Across Industries in Guangzhou Development Zone and Huangpu District"

11.Longgang District of Shenzhen Municipality solicits public opinions on the revised draft of Several Measures to Support Artificial Intelligence Industry in Leading High-Quality Development and its implementation rules

12.Shenzhen Municipal Bureau of Industry and Information Technology releases "Shenzhen 'Artificial Intelligence +' Advanced Manufacturing Industry Action Plan (2026-2027)"

13.The Wuhan Municipal People's Government has released the "Several Measures to Support the Innovative Development of Artificial Intelligence OPC in Wuhan"

14.The People's Government of Heilongjiang Province issued the "Work Plan for Deepening the Application of' Artificial Intelligence +' in Government Affairs in Heilongjiang Province"

(II) Law Enforcement and Judicial Updates

1.The Supreme People's Court issued a special guiding case on road traffic safety criminal cases involving activation of assisted driving function

2.The Cyberspace Administration of China reports typical cases of spreading false information without AI identification

3.The Cyberspace Administration of China launched the "Clear and Bright 2026" campaign to create a festive and harmonious online environment for the Spring Festival

(III) International Cooperation Updates

1.The first APEC Senior Officials' Meeting will be held in Guangzhou in 2026

2.China Guangxi held a New Year meeting and a joint working committee with the Party secretaries of five provinces and municipalities in Vietnam: Quang Ninh, Lang Son, Cao Bang, Tuyen Dang, and Hai Phong

(IV) Research Updates

1.China Academy of Information and Communications Technology released the "Artificial Intelligence Governance Research Report"

II. International Governance Developments

(I) Policy and Legislative Updates

1. Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology of India Releases Revised Draft of the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021

2. Ministry of Public Security of Vietnam Publicly Consults on Draft Implementing Regulations for the "Law on Cybersecurity"

3. United Arab Emirates Ministry of Education Releases "Guidelines on the Safe and Responsible Use of Artificial Intelligence in Classrooms 2026"

4. Chamber of Deputies of Brazil Approves Provisional Measure to Restructure National Data Protection Authority

5. Privacy Commissioner of Canada Recommends Amending Legislation to Bring Political Parties Under Privacy Regulation

(II) Law Enforcement and Judicial Updates

1. European Commission May Impose Interim Measures on Meta to Alleviate WhatsApp's Exclusion of Third-Party AI Assistants

2. India Implements Three-Hour Takedown Rule for Social Media Platforms

3. U.S. Federal Trade Commission Alerts Data Brokers to Comply with Data Compliance Obligations

4. Florida Attorney General Establishes Enforcement Unit on China-Related Technology Risks

5. California Attorney General Reaches Largest California Consumer Privacy Act Settlement with Disney

6. Wisconsin Prosecutor Sanctioned for Failure to Disclose AI Use

7. U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit Fines Attorney $1,000 for AI-Generated Fake Precedents

8. South Korea Imposes Heavy Fines on LV, Dior and Tiffany

(III) International Cooperation

1. Canada and Germany Sign "Joint Declaration of Intent on Artificial Intelligence"

2. UNCTAD and Indonesia’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs Jointly Release Indonesia’s eTrade Readiness Assessment Report

3. 2026 International Conference on Digital Platform Governance Held in Pretoria, South Africa

(IV) Research Updates

1. Anthropic Releases "2026 Agentic Coding Trends Report"

I. Domestic Governance Developments

(I) Policy and Legislative Updates

On February 15, the General Office of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) and four other government agencies jointly issued the "Implementation Opinions on Strengthening Information and Communication Industry Capacity Building to Support Low-altitude Infrastructure Development" (hereinafter referred to as the "Opinions"). The document aims to balance development and security, promote coordinated growth between the information and communication industry and low-altitude equipment manufacturing, and continuously enhance the sector's technical foundations, industrial supply capabilities, network support capacities, and security safeguards.

The Guidelines outline ten key initiatives to advance low-altitude communication network deployment, expand sensing technologies, and enhance navigation accuracy. These include: 1) Expanding coverage as needed; 2) Developing multi-source detection coordination services; 3) Improving navigation precision; 4) Supporting intelligent low-altitude connectivity systems; 5) Conducting pilot tests; 6) Strengthening industrial supply capacity; 7) Promoting standardized collaboration; 8) Regulating industry management; 9) Enhancing cybersecurity; and 10) Optimizing frequency allocation.

Link:https://www.miit.gov.cn/zwgk/zcwj/wjfb/yj/art/2026/art_d1cb1667897e4c999a303d110b6691dc.html

On February 10, eight government agencies including the National Development and Reform Commission jointly released the "Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Bidding and Tendering Sector" (hereafter "the Opinions"). The document outlines standardized deployment measures and organizational support pathways for AI implementation across the entire bidding process and key management phases, aiming to facilitate scenario-based applications of artificial intelligence in this field.

The Guidelines emphasize six key application scenarios for artificial intelligence: 1) Bidding processes, covering tender planning, document preparation, and quality verification; 2) Bid submission procedures, including strategic planning and compliance self-assessment; 3) Bid opening and evaluation phases, featuring automated bid opening, expert selection, and AI-assisted scoring; 4) Award determination, involving bid evaluation report verification, decision support, and contract execution; 5) On-site management, encompassing venue coordination, witness supervision, document archiving, and smart Q&A systems; 6) Regulatory oversight, including expert management, anti-collusion detection, credit management, collaborative monitoring, and complaint resolution.

Link: https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xwdt/tzgg/202602/t20260210_1403681.html

3.National Technical Committee 260 on Cybersecurity of SAC solicits opinions on three national standards, including the draft of "Cybersecurity Technology: Visual Representation of Cyberspace Security"

On February 11, the National Technical Committee 260 on Cybersecurity of SAC solicited public feedback on three technical standards: "Cybersecurity Technology-Visual Representation Method for Cyberspace Security", "Cybersecurity Technology-Trusted Computing Specification-Server Trusted Support Platform", and "Data Security Technology-Competency Requirements for Professional Institutions Conducting Personal Information Protection Compliance Audits". The deadline for submissions is 24:00 on April 12,2026.

Link:https://www.tc260.org.cn/portal/suggestion-detail/cdae0595b283401da15f01e5f906edc4

4.National Technical Committee 260 on Cybersecurity of SAC Releases "Cybersecurity Standard Practice Guide: Requirements for Prevention and Disposal of New Types of Corruption on Internet Platforms"

On February 10, the National Technical Committee 260 on Cybersecurity of SAC released the "Cybersecurity Standard Practice Guide: Requirements for Preventing and Addressing New Types of Corruption on Internet Platforms" (hereinafter referred to as the "Practice Guide"). The document outlines fundamental requirements for preventing and addressing new types of corruption among internet platform personnel, including daily prevention measures and specific handling protocols. It is designed to prevent and address emerging issues such as traffic manipulation, data fraud, privilege rent-seeking, and ranking list falsification.

Link:https://www.tc260.org.cn/portal/article/2/c2b7955a67e542cdbcb7714e4735a35a

5.SAC/TC609 issued the "Data Element Personnel Competency Requirements" Work Plan

On February 10, SAC/TC609 officially approved the "Competency Requirements for Data Element Practitioners" as a normative technical document under its jurisdiction. This foundational standard establishes competency benchmarks for professionals in the data element sector, covering knowledge frameworks, technical skills, practical competencies, and professional ethics. It serves as a crucial framework for supporting market-oriented allocation of data elements and the development of data governance systems.

Link:https://std.samr.gov.cn/gb/search/gbDetailed?id=4A74DFD1901DCD74E06397BE0A0AFEEB

On February 13, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region released the Implementation Rules for the Policies on Promoting High-Quality Development of Data and Artificial Intelligence Industry (hereinafter referred to as the Implementation Rules) through the joint efforts of its Government Services and Data Administration, Education Department, Science and Technology Department, Industry and Information Technology Department, Finance Department, and Human Resources and Social Security Department. The document comprises nine key sections: optimizing industrial layout, encouraging technological breakthroughs, advancing innovation platform development, reducing computing cost, accelerating data authorization applications, promoting compliant data transactions, expediting application demonstrations, strengthening digital talent cultivation, and improving the industrial development environment.

Link:https://zsj.nmg.gov.cn/zwgk/zfxxgk/fdzdgknr/xzgfxwj/202602/t20260213_2863255.html

7.The People's Government of Heilongjiang Province issued the Implementation Plan for Deepening the' Artificial Intelligence+' Initiative in Heilongjiang Province

On February 15, the Heilongjiang Provincial People's Government released the "Implementation Plan for Deepening the' Artificial Intelligence+' Initiative in Heilongjiang Province" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan"). The Plan outlines fifteen key "Artificial Intelligence+" initiatives, covering agriculture, manufacturing, energy, culture and tourism, consumption, employment, education, healthcare, elderly care, childcare, disability assistance, transportation, low-altitude economy, scientific research, social governance, security governance, and end products. It proposes four measures to strengthen foundational support capabilities: accelerating breakthroughs in key technologies, enhancing coordinated intelligent computing power, deepening model construction systems, and fostering data supply innovation. Additionally, the Plan outlines four measures to optimize the industrial development environment: building a robust application ecosystem, strengthening talent team development, continuously expanding cooperation and openness, and improving security capabilities.

Link:https://hlj.gov.cn/hlj/c108372/202602/c00_31915429.shtml

8.Chongqing Municipality publicly released the "Chongqing Municipal Action Plan for Promoting Digital Transformation of the Entire Urban Area"

On February 12, the Chongqing Municipal Government Office released the "Chongqing Action Plan for Promoting Digital Transformation Across the City," which identifies AI-powered digital Chongqing development as its core mission. The plan sets the goal of establishing a comprehensive digital Chongqing system by 2027 and proposes 32 measures across five key areas: 1) Enhancing digital infrastructure capabilities, including optimizing data circulation, upgrading network channels, strengthening computational coordination, advancing AI empowerment, improving perceptual usability, promoting spatial twin technology, optimizing "two-end" access points, and ensuring data security; 2) Enhancing intelligent central capabilities, including accelerating integration of multi-sector collaborative support systems, strengthening Party leadership in smart governance, boosting high-quality economic development, ensuring efficient facility operations, implementing closed-loop social governance, enhancing agile emergency response coordination, supporting civilization-building initiatives, improving ecological landscape protection, and providing high-quality production and living services; 3) Enhancing six major system capabilities, including establishing digital Party building systems, digital government systems, digital economy systems, digital society systems, digital culture systems, and digital legal systems. Fourth, enhancing the capacity of grassroots intelligent governance systems, including accelerating the establishment of a Party-led governance framework, a closed-loop risk control mechanism, a comprehensive dispute resolution system, an integrated business support service system, and a responsive public service system. Fifth, improving the digital ecosystem capabilities, including expanding digital entities, optimizing resource allocation, advancing the digital economy, and refining policy standards.

Link:https://wap.cq.gov.cn/zwgk/zfxxgkml/szfwj/qtgw/202602/t20260212_15440236.html

9.Jiangsu Intellectual Property Office releases "Jiangsu AI and Intellectual Property Dual Empowerment Action Plan (2026-2030)"

On February 9, the Jiangsu Provincial Intellectual Property Office unveiled the "Jiangsu Province AI and IP Mutual Empowerment Action Plan (2026-2030)" (hereafter "the Plan"). As China's first specialized initiative focusing on "AI and IP mutual empowerment," the Plan aims to enhance the AI industry's innovation protection capabilities and IP service efficiency, fostering synergistic development and mutual advancement between AI and intellectual property. Addressing the distinctive features of the AI industry and the critical needs of IP protection, the Plan proposes 23 concrete measures across seven key dimensions: resource allocation, patent strategy, technology transfer, brand development, and infringement protection. This establishes a comprehensive policy framework that bridges innovation and rights protection, as well as technology transfer and ecosystem development.

Link:https://jsip.jiangsu.gov.cn/art/2026/2/10/art_75877_11728158.html

On February 14, the Guangzhou Development Zone Administrative Committee and the People's Government of Huangpu District, Guangzhou jointly released the "Special Action Plan for AI Empowerment Across Industries in Guangzhou Development Zone and Huangpu District" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan"). The Plan outlines ten key initiatives across both AI supply-side and application-side dimensions. On the supply side, it proposes ten foundational actions: AI chip breakthrough initiative, intelligent computing power enhancement initiative, data supply efficiency improvement initiative, algorithm model doubling initiative, software tool development initiative, network communication acceleration initiative, computing-electricity supply coordination initiative, high-end talent recruitment and cultivation initiative, financial capital promotion initiative, and security development safeguard initiative. On the application side, it outlines ten empowerment initiatives: AI-driven advanced manufacturing, life health, smart energy, "Hundred-Thousand-Ten Thousand Project", service economy, comprehensive spatial planning, legal safeguards, livelihood development, administrative efficiency, and peace-building initiatives.

Link:https://www.gz.gov.cn/gzzcwjk/detail.html?id=183265

On February 10, the Artificial Intelligence (Robotics) Office of Shenzhen's Longgang District released a notice soliciting public feedback on the revised draft of' Several Measures to Support the AI Industry in Leading High-Quality Development in Longgang District, Shenzhen' and its implementation rules. The public consultation period runs from February 11 to March 13.

The "Shenzhen Longgang District Measures to Support Artificial Intelligence Industry in Leading High-Quality Development (Revised Draft)" outlines supportive policies for the AI sector, focusing on seven key areas: enhancing AI computing power supply, expanding AI data resources, facilitating large model development and application, promoting AI product innovation and first-time implementation, establishing AI application demonstration zones, boosting core technological innovation capabilities, and improving the AI industry ecosystem. The "Implementation Rules for Shenzhen Longgang District's Industrial and Information Technology Development Special Fund to Support AI Industry in Leading High-Quality Development (Revised Draft)" specifies the scope of support, evaluation criteria, approval procedures, application requirements, and project review processes.

Link:https://www.lg.gov.cn/xxgk/zwgk/tzgg/content/post_12644658.html

12.Shenzhen Municipal Bureau of Industry and Information Technology releases "Shenzhen 'Artificial Intelligence +' Advanced Manufacturing Industry Action Plan (2026-2027)"

On February 12, the Shenzhen Municipal Bureau of Industry and Information Technology unveiled the "Shenzhen 'Artificial Intelligence+' Advanced Manufacturing Action Plan (2026-2027)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Action Plan"). Aiming to accelerate AI-driven transformation in manufacturing, the plan proposes establishing an Industrial Intelligence Innovation Center and an Industrial Software & Knowledge Alliance. It highlights eight key industrial clusters: electronic information manufacturing, semiconductors and integrated circuits, automotive manufacturing, robotics, high-performance materials, low-altitude economy, pharmaceuticals and medical devices, and traditional competitive industries. The plan strengthens implementation through policy support, resource allocation, scenario-based collaboration, and industry training. Its annex outlines AI solutions for 21 application scenarios across five critical manufacturing phases: R&D design, production management, operational workflows, management systems, and supply chain optimization.

Link:https://gxj.sz.gov.cn/xxgk/xxgkml/qt/tzgg/content/post_12645602.html

13.The Wuhan Municipal People's Government has released the "Several Measures to Support the Innovative Development of Artificial Intelligence OPC in Wuhan"

On February 14, the Wuhan Municipal People's Government released the "Several Measures for Supporting the Innovative Development of Artificial Intelligence OPC in Wuhan" (hereinafter referred to as the "Measures"). To promote the innovative development of artificial intelligence OPC in Wuhan, the Measures propose ten key measures: 1) Strengthening computational power service support; 2) Ensuring the supply of high-quality data elements; 3) Supporting the research, development, and application of model tools; 4) Building a talent "attract, cultivate, utilize, and retain" system; 5) Vigorously developing OPC ecosystem communities; 6) Providing startup support; 7) Establishing an OPC online open community; 8) Expanding the opening of scenario resources; 9) Enhancing technological and financial support; 10) Fostering a vibrant atmosphere for innovation and entrepreneurship.

Link:https://www.wuhan.gov.cn/zwgk/xxgk/zfwj/gfxwj/202602/t20260214_2730572.shtml

14.The People's Government of Heilongjiang Province issued the "Work Plan for Deepening the Application of' Artificial Intelligence +' in Government Affairs in Heilongjiang Province"

On February 15, the Heilongjiang Provincial People's Government released the "Heilongjiang Province' Artificial Intelligence+' Deepened Application Work Plan for Government Services" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan"). The Plan outlines six key categories with 18 specific application scenarios to be prioritized in Heilongjiang Province by 2026:1) Data sharing scenarios, including catalog compilation, data aggregation, and micro-circulation integration; 2) Government service scenarios, covering integrated services, intelligent customer support, and auxiliary processing; 3) Social management scenarios, involving market regulation, administrative law enforcement, and hotline services; 4) Livelihood security scenarios, encompassing labor employment, medical imaging diagnostics, and social assistance programs; 5) Decision-support scenarios, including agricultural services, winter sports economy, and population mobility monitoring; 6) Administrative office scenarios, featuring document drafting assistance, data retrieval support, and workload reduction for grassroots units.

Link:https://www.hlj.gov.cn/hlj/c108386/202602/c00_31915569.shtml

(II) Law Enforcement and Judicial Updates

1.The Supreme People's Court issued a special guiding case on road traffic safety criminal cases involving activation of assisted driving function

On February 13, the Supreme People's Court issued the 48th batch of guiding cases (Guiding Cases No.268-272). This marks the first time the Supreme People's Court has released specialized guiding cases on criminal road traffic safety, clarifying the rules for determining the criminal liability of drivers when activating assisted driving functions.

With the growing prevalence of assisted driving technologies, some drivers have become distracted by smartphones or sleep after activating these systems. Worse still, some even purchase and use illegal 'smart driving gadgets' to evade safety monitoring, resulting in prolonged unattended driving that severely jeopardizes road safety. Guiding Case No.271, 'Wang Mouqun Dangerous Driving Case,' explicitly states that in-vehicle assisted driving systems cannot replace drivers as the primary responsible parties. Drivers who activate these functions remain the actual operators of the vehicle and bear the responsibility for ensuring driving safety. Even if the driver is not physically present at the front seat, they must still assume legal liability as the primary driver for using unauthorized accessories to evade system monitoring.

Link: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/N-8BJfY7K7XiszqcAnkbow

2.The Cyberspace Administration of China reports typical cases of spreading false information without AI identification

On February 12, China's Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) released a report on typical cases of spreading false information without AI identifiers, calling for stricter crackdowns. Some online accounts published AI-generated content without proper labeling, using misleading content to deceive the public, disrupt online ecosystems, and cause significant harm. The CAC has urged platforms to conduct thorough investigations, resulting in the suspension of 13,421 accounts and removal of over 543,000 illegal posts. The administration will maintain strict oversight of unmarked false content, enforcing immediate penalties for violations. Meanwhile, it urged content creators to proactively add AI identifiers as required to prevent misinformation and foster a healthier online environment.

Link: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/yuqoAxKTuc82tNEqfGK_-Q

3.The Cyberspace Administration of China launched the "Clear and Bright 2026" campaign to create a festive and harmonious online environment for the Spring Festival

On February 12, China's Cyberspace Administration of the People (CAC) launched a one-month "Clear and Bright: 2026 Campaign for a Harmonious Spring Festival Online Environment." The initiative targets five key issues in generating and spreading digital garbage: 1) AI-generated low-quality content with chaotic logic, hollow messages, and repetitive patterns; 2) AI-assisted parodying of classic animations and films with vulgar violence; 3) Deranged adaptations of literary classics and historical references that distort traditional culture; 4) Mass production of sensational family conflict narratives like "parental bias," "mother-in-law conflicts," and "sister-brother brawls" to boost online traffic; 5) AI-generated content including "inspirational web novels," "tycoon fantasy dramas," and "expert lectures" that manipulate public perception.

Link:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/lBmmjRVX0D1viRE_pPfN0Q

(III) International Cooperation Updates

1.The first APEC Senior Officials' Meeting will be held in Guangzhou in 2026

On February 10, the first high-level meeting of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) in 2026 was held in Guangzhou. Wang Yi, member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Foreign Minister, attended the opening ceremony and delivered a speech. This meeting was the first official event hosted by China as the 2026 APEC host, with the core purpose of preparing and accumulating outcomes for the informal leaders' meeting to be held in November. Participants engaged in in-depth discussions on the APEC "China Year" theme and the three priority areas of "openness, innovation, and cooperation," expanding consensus on trade and investment cooperation, the construction of the Asia-Pacific Free Trade Area, and digital economy cooperation, and proposed a series of annual outcomes and work plans.

Link:https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/wjdt_674879/wjbxw_674885/202602/t20260210_11855528.shtml

On February 12,2026, the New Year's Meeting and Joint Working Committee of the Party Secretaries of Guangxi, Vietnam's Quang Ninh, Lang Son, Cao Bang, Tuyen Dang, and Hai Phong provinces and cities was held in Nanning, China. During the meeting, all parties agreed to strengthen cooperation in the field of artificial intelligence, including promoting the construction of the China-Vietnam Artificial Intelligence Application Cooperation Center, conducting joint training for AI personnel, enhancing cooperation in the application of AI technology facilities, guiding higher education institutions to jointly establish AI majors and courses, and supporting enterprises and institutions from both sides in building AI corpus databases. Starting from 2026, Guangxi encourages international students from Quang Ninh, Lang Son, Cao Bang, Tuyen Dang, and Hai Phong to study AI majors in Guangxi's higher education institutions by enjoying the Guangxi government's ASEAN national student scholarships.

Link: http://www.gxzf.gov.cn/zzqzyxx/t27259514.shtml

(IV) Research Updates

1.China Academy of Information and Communications Technology released the "Artificial Intelligence Governance Research Report"

On February 13, China Academy of Information and Communications Technology (CAICT) released the "Artificial Intelligence Governance Research Report" (hereinafter referred to as the "Report"). The Report includes four core perspectives: First, global AI governance faces new challenges. The "AI+" initiative has propelled China's industrial applications into a phase of large-scale implementation, with significantly heightened risks of AI spillover and the urgency of governance, while the imbalance in global governance capabilities and structural disparities have become prominent. Second, countries have made new progress in AI governance. The U.S. policy has undergone a strategic shift, with deep-seated power struggles between federal and local authorities. The EU's legislation is moving toward implementation, seeking a balance between strict regulation and innovation promotion. China's localized scenarios empower the "AI+" initiative. Third, five hot topics have emerged in the field of AI governance: the impending but ineffective governance response to AIG, the blurring of virtual and real boundaries in anthropomorphic interactive services, the reshaping of digital ecosystems by internet intelligence, the challenges in liability determination constraining AI-enabled industrial development, and AI's redefinition of labor development paths and value systems. Fourth, in the face of transformative impacts brought by the rapid evolution of AI, governance actors should actively establish clearly defined frameworks of rights and responsibilities, develop agile and dynamic regulatory tools, foster healthy and harmonious symbiotic relationships, and promote fair and inclusive governance orientations.

Link:https://www.caict.ac.cn/kxyj/qwfb/ztbg/202602/P020260213607027089305.pdf

II. International Governance Developments

(I) Policy and Legislative Updates

1. Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology of India Releases Revised Draft of the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021

On February 10, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology of India issued the revised draft of the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021. The document adds the following new requirements for the governance of AI-generated synthetic content: first, service providers shall adopt reasonable technical measures to prohibit users from generating, modifying or disseminating synthetic information that violates existing laws; second, service providers shall label AI-generated information in a prominent and permanent manner; third, social media platforms shall require users to declare whether information is AI-generated when uploading content, deploy reasonable technical measures to ensure the accuracy of such declarations, and mark the information in a prominent and clear manner if it is confirmed to be AI-generated.

Link:https://www.meity.gov.in/static/uploads/2026/02/550681ab908f8afb135b0ad42816a1c9.pdf

2. Ministry of Public Security of Vietnam Publicly Consults on Draft Implementing Regulations for the "Law on Cybersecurity"

On February 14, the Ministry of Public Security of Vietnam released the draft implementing regulations for the "Law on Cybersecurity" and launched a 10-day public consultation. Revised and improved on the basis of Decree No. 53/2022, the draft is aligned with the requirements of the 2025 "Law on Cybersecurity", and focuses on refining four core areas: the network security protection force system, network information security safeguards, data security governance, and real-name IP address management.

Link:https://mps.gov.vn/chinh-sach-phap-luat/bai-viet/lay-y-kien-du-thao-nghi-dinh-quy-dinh-chi-tiet-mot-so-dieu-cua-luat-an-ninh-mang-1770996834

3. United Arab Emirates Ministry of Education Releases "Guidelines on the Safe and Responsible Use of Artificial Intelligence in Classrooms 2026"

Link:https://gulfnews.com/uae/education/uae-sets-strict-new-rules-on-generative-ai-in-schools-banning-use-for-under-13s-1.500443163

4. Chamber of Deputies of Brazil Approves Provisional Measure to Restructure National Data Protection Authority

On February 9, the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil (Câmara dos Deputados) approved Provisional Measure No. 1317/25, which aims to transform Brazil's National Data Protection Authority (Autoridade Nacional de Proteção de Dados, ANPD) into the "National Data Protection Agency" (Agência Nacional de Proteção de Dados) with greater autonomy, and establish specialized positions for data protection regulatory experts. The approved text also extends the deadline for ANPD to recruit civil servants from December 31, 2026 to December 31, 2028, ensuring the agency's staffing during the transition period. In addition, the measure clarifies the responsibilities of the newly created positions, including conducting data protection supervision, inspection, control, as well as related policy implementation and research work. Currently, the text has been submitted to the Federal Senate for review.

Link:https://www.camara.leg.br/noticias/1243995-camara-aprova-mp-que-estrutura-a-agencia-nacional-de-protecao-de-dados

5. Privacy Commissioner of Canada Recommends Amending Legislation to Bring Political Parties Under Privacy Regulation

On February 12, Philippe Dufresne, Privacy Commissioner of Canada, presented remarks before the Standing Senate Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs regarding Bill C-4. Dufresne recommended amendments to the bill to formally introduce privacy protection rules for political parties. He noted that political parties collect large volumes of sensitive personal information in the democratic process and should be bound by privacy rules comparable to those governing public and private sectors under federal law. Such rules include establishing meaningful privacy standards and being subject to independent oversight, with the goals of protecting voters’ personal information and enhancing public trust.

Link:https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-actions-and-decisions/advice-to-parliament/2026/parl_260212_lcjc/

(II) Law Enforcement and Judicial Updates

1. European Commission May Impose Interim Measures on Meta to Alleviate WhatsApp's Exclusion of Third-Party AI Assistants

According to a report by EU Law Live on February 9, the European Commission formally served Meta with a Statement of Objections, provisionally finding that Meta’s practice of blocking third-party AI assistants via WhatsApp violates EU competition rules, and explicitly considering imposing interim measures on Meta during the investigation. Its preliminary view is that the company has breached EU antitrust rules. The European Commission stated that the investigation is still ongoing, and relevant measures will be determined by Meta’s right to reply and defend itself. Teresa Ribera, Executive Vice-President of the European Commission for a Clean, Just and Competitive Transition, made it clear that she is considering "swiftly imposing interim measures" requiring Meta to maintain the existing conditions for third-party AI assistants to access WhatsApp pending the conclusion of the investigation. The measures aim to prevent irreparable damage to the competitive environment during the lengthy investigation process, and their specific implementation will depend on how Meta exercises its right to respond and defend.

Link:https://eulawlive.com/commission-informs-meta-of-possible-imposition-of-interim-measures-to-mitigate-ban-on-competing-ai-assistants-on-whatsapp/

2. India Implements Three-Hour Takedown Rule for Social Media Platforms

According to a report by India Today on February 10, the Government of India stated that social media companies must remove unlawful content within three hours of being notified, tightening on Tuesday an earlier 36-hour timeline in what could pose a compliance challenge for Meta, YouTube, and X. The changes amend India’s 2021 Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, which have already been a flashpoint between Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government and global technology companies. The new regulations will take effect on February 20. This move further cements India’s position as one of the world’s most proactive regulators of online content, requiring platforms to balance compliance with growing concerns about government censorship in a market with one billion internet users.

Link:https://www.indiatoday.in/technology/news/story/objectionable-content-must-be-removed-within-3-hours-labelling-mandatory-govts-new-rules-on-ai-deepfakes-2866145-2026-02-10

3. U.S. Federal Trade Commission Alerts Data Brokers to Comply with Data Compliance Obligations

On February 9, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) issued an enforcement alert stating that it had sent letters to 13 data brokers, requiring them to comply with the “Protecting Americans’ Data from Foreign Adversaries Act of 2024” (PADFAA).

Public information mainly clarifies two sets of regulatory requirements: first, restricting the flow of sensitive data to foreign adversaries. PADFAA prohibits data brokers from selling, disclosing, providing access to, or otherwise transferring identifiable sensitive personal data of Americans to countries designated as “foreign adversaries” or entities controlled by them; second, strengthening compliance responsibilities for cross-border data transactions. The FTC issued a risk warning to the industry through formal letters, emphasizing that companies must establish review mechanisms for data sources, transaction chains and recipients, shifting the control of cross-border data flows from ex post law enforcement to proactive compliance management.

Link:https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2026/02/ftc-reminds-data-brokers-their-obligations-comply-padfaa

4. Florida Attorney General Establishes Enforcement Unit on China-Related Technology Risks

On February 10, the Office of the Attorney General of Florida, United States, announced the establishment of the "C.H.I.N.A." enforcement unit (Crimes and Harms Investigations into National Adversaries) to focus on investigating technology and data security risks linked to foreign adversaries.

The unit will carry out cross-sector law enforcement coordination, focusing on three key risk areas: first, data access risks, conducting investigations into personal data and critical data flows that could be accessed or controlled by foreign entities; second, technology supply chain security, assessing potential security and dependency risks in digital infrastructure and technology products; third, national security-related law enforcement cooperation, sharing information and conducting joint investigations with state law enforcement agencies and federal departments. This move reflects the state-level integration of data security, cybersecurity and national security factors into its regular law enforcement framework, strengthening sustained oversight capabilities over digital infrastructure and cross-border data risks through dedicated institutional setup.

Link:https://www.myfloridalegal.com/newsrelease/attorney-general-james-uthmeier-launches-china-prevention-unit-counter-foreign

5. California Attorney General Reaches Largest California Consumer Privacy Act Settlement with Disney

On February 11, the Office of the Attorney General of the State of California announced a $2.75 million settlement with The Walt Disney Company, finding that the company violated the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) in processing consumer requests to “opt out of the sale or sharing of personal information.”

The case originated from a targeted compliance sweep of the streaming service industry conducted by the California Department of Justice in 2024. During its review, the regulator found that some online services only provided a formal access point for consumers to exercise their “Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information” right, but failed to fully implement such requests in the actual data processing chain. Investigators determined that Disney, across its streaming services and related websites and applications, did not ensure that consumer opt-out requests were uniformly enforced across devices, services, and the advertising technology ecosystem, resulting in the continued transmission of data to third-party advertising technology companies.

Under the settlement agreement, the company must pay the civil penalty, implement a unified account-level opt-out mechanism, improve detection and enforcement of the Global Privacy Control (GPC) signal, and revise its privacy compliance procedures to ensure that a single consumer request stops the sale and sharing of data across all relevant processing contexts. This settlement ranks among the largest in California’s CCPA enforcement actions targeting the streaming and advertising technology ecosystem, reflecting a regulatory shift from focusing on formal compliance with privacy policy language to the real‑world technical effectiveness of privacy safeguards.

Link:https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/california-wont-let-it-go-attorney-general-bonta-announces-275-million

6. Wisconsin Prosecutor Sanctioned for Failure to Disclose AI Use

According to a February 9 report by Wisconsin Public Radio, Kenosha County Circuit Court Judge David Hughes issued a judicial sanction against District Attorney Xavier Solis on February 6 for failing to disclose the use of artificial intelligence tools in court filings and for "hallucinations" in AI-generated content. The case involves two defendants, Christain Garrett and Cornelius Garrett, who were charged with 74 criminal counts (including 38 felonies) in 2023. The central factual issue is that the prosecution’s brief contained "AI hallucinations"—while the cited legal precedents do exist, their legal positions were completely misinterpreted by the AI. Judge Hughes has dismissed the case on the grounds of insufficient substantive evidence, but has permitted the prosecution to refile charges after supplementing evidence.

Link:https://www.cbsnews.com/chicago/news/kenosha-county-wisconsin-judge-sanctions-prosecutor-ai-use/

7. U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit Fines Attorney $1,000 for AI-Generated Fake Precedents

Bloomberg Law reported on February 9 that a three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit ruled that attorney Kusmin Linda Amarsingh committed serious misconduct and violated court rules by submitting seven fake precedents generated by ChatGPT to the court. While the panel did not dismiss the appeal, it ordered the attorney to pay $1,000 in legal fees to the opposing party and referred the case record to the Maryland Attorney Grievance Commission. The judges made clear that using generative AI is not wrongful in itself, but "submitting false citations without verification constitutes a serious dereliction of duty."

Link:https://news.bloomberglaw.com/litigation/appeals-court-sanctions-lawyer-over-ai-hallucinated-errors

8. South Korea Imposes Heavy Fines on LV, Dior and Tiffany

On February 11, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) of South Korea issued a combined fine of 36.033 billion Korean won (approximately 180.17 million RMB) and a negligence fine of 10.8 million Korean won (approximately 54,000 RMB) against three luxury brands—LV, Dior and Tiffany, and ordered them to publicize the disciplinary results. All cases stemmed from large-scale personal information leaks caused by management lapses in SaaS systems. Among them, LV was fined 21.385 billion Korean won (approximately 106.93 million RMB) after malicious code attacks on employee devices led to the leakage of 3.6 million people’s information. Dior and Tiffany both suffered permission leaks due to voice phishing targeting employees, resulting in the exposure of 1.95 million and 4,600 people’s information respectively. They also failed to report the leaks in a timely manner and other violations. The two brands were fined 12.236 billion Korean won (approximately 61.18 million RMB) and 2.412 billion Korean won (approximately 12.06 million RMB) respectively, plus additional negligence fines. None of the three companies implemented protective measures such as IP access restrictions or security authentication for their SaaS systems.

Link:https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11817

(III) International Cooperation

1. Canada and Germany Sign "Joint Declaration of Intent on Artificial Intelligence"

On February 14, during the Munich Security Conference, Canada’s Minister of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Innovation and Germany’s Minister for Digital Transformation and Government Modernization signed the "Joint Declaration of Intent on Artificial Intelligence" and announced the launch of a new sovereign technology alliance. The declaration focuses cooperation on expanding secure computing infrastructure, accelerating artificial intelligence research and commercialization, and strengthening talent development to close critical skill gaps. The collaboration will support researchers, startups, and industries in both countries to scale innovation and boost global competitiveness. Through the sovereign technology alliance, Canada and Germany aim to strengthen sovereign artificial intelligence capabilities, reduce strategic technological dependencies, provide a platform for practical cooperation on advanced technologies, and deliver mutual capacity and shared economic benefits.

Link:https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2026/02/canada-and-germany-sign-ai-joint-declaration-and-launch-sovereign-technology-alliance.html

2. UNCTAD and Indonesia’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs Jointly Release Indonesia’s eTrade Readiness Assessment Report

On February 12, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia jointly released the “Indonesia eTrade Readiness Assessment Report,” laying out a sustainable roadmap for the development of Indonesia’s e‑commerce and digital economy. This assessment is the first of its kind conducted in a G20 country and the first to focus on the environmental sustainability of e‑commerce and digital trade ecosystems. Indonesia’s experience in growing its digital economy also provides a reference for other nations. The report assesses Indonesia’s digital trade across multiple dimensions, including governance, policy, and technology adoption. Indonesia’s e‑commerce sector has expanded rapidly, supported by favorable policies, improved infrastructure, and fintech innovation. Meanwhile, the report identifies challenges such as inadequate inter‑agency coordination, uneven regional access to technology, weak digital skills among specific population groups, as well as constraints in logistics and inclusive finance for micro, small, and medium‑sized enterprises (MSMEs). With sustainable development at its core, the report recommends incentivizing MSMEs and e‑commerce platforms to adopt green practices and optimize environmental performance in logistics, data infrastructure, energy use, and related areas.

Link:https://unctad.org/news/new-roadmap-sets-out-sustainable-future-indonesias-digital-trade

3. 2026 International Conference on Digital Platform Governance Held in Pretoria, South Africa

From February 11 to 13, the 2026 International Conference on Digital Platform Governance was held in person at the University of Pretoria in Pretoria, South Africa, as a continuation of the global dialogue under UNESCO’s "Internet for Trust" initiative. The conference was co‑hosted by two South African national institutions, with support from multiple bodies including the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the African Communication Regulation Authorities Network (ACRAN), and the European Union (EU), and was designated as a Level 4 international conference. As the second International Conference on Digital Platform Governance, the gathering brought together global stakeholders including media and communications regulators, governments, digital platforms, and academia. It centered on advancing a human rights‑based, multi‑stakeholder model of digital governance, while reviewing the implementation progress of UNESCO’s "Guidelines for the Governance of Digital Platforms".

Link:https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/international-conference-digital-platform-governance-2026?hub=71542

(IV) Research Updates

1. Anthropic Releases "2026 Agentic Coding Trends Report"

On February 10, artificial intelligence startup Anthropic released the "2026 Agentic Coding Trends Report", which offers a comprehensive analysis of the development trends of agentic AI in software development and organizational collaboration. The report states that 2026 will mark a qualitative shift of AI from an auxiliary tool to a team collaboration system. It systematically forecasts eight major trends covering key areas including technical capabilities, organizational practices and social impacts, as detailed below: (1) Reconstruction of the software development lifecycle: Agentic AI shortens the development cycle from weeks to hours, transforming engineers’ roles from code implementers to architecture designers and collaborators; (2) Shift from single agents to collaborative teams: Multiple agents work jointly, improving work efficiency and the capacity to handle system complexity through parallel reasoning and task allocation; (3) Agents performing long-range tasks: Agents no longer only handle single short tasks, but are capable of executing complete system construction and maintenance across time periods and modules; (4) Intelligent expansion of human oversight: Agents can automatically identify when human intervention is required, allowing human attention to focus on critical decision-making; (5) Expansion of agentic coding to new scenarios and users: Coding work will extend to traditional non-programmer fields, supporting legacy languages and domain-specific work to directly benefit more roles; (6) Productivity reshaping the software economy: Organizations can advance projects with lower costs and higher outputs, making once uneconomical tasks viable; (7) Widespread application in non-technical roles: Teams in sales, marketing, legal and other functions will also use agents to build automated tools and drive process optimization; (8) Synchronized enhancement of security protection and adversarial capabilities: Agentic AI can not only help build security systems but also be exploited to strengthen offensive capabilities, requiring security architecture to be embedded from the initial design stage.

Link:https://media.licdn.com/dms/document/media/v2/D4E1FAQFSB5OvcNbALA/feedshare-document-url-metadata-scrapper-pdf/B4EZw_o8RPH8A4-/0/1770594224671?e=1771254000&v=beta&t=aGhL2aWPwKzZJr2O2z99r3X4MfV9LNzf2NS9rbf63dA

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